Journal: iScience

Article Title: Synergistic immunomodulatory effects of naringenin and photothermal therapy in triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114124

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of immune cell infiltration, tumor vasculature, and metastasis in 4T1 tumor model (A) Immunofluorescence staining of tumor sections for CD3, CD8, and CD4 T cell markers in different treatment groups; scale bars, 100 μm. (B) CD31 immunofluorescence staining to visualize blood vessels in tumor tissues from different treatment groups. (C) Quantification of CD8 + T cells in tumor sections for each group; scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Quantification of CD4 + T helper cells in tumor sections for each group. (E) Quantification of blood vessels in tumor tissues from different treatment groups. (F) Direct observation of lung tissue excised from tumor-bearing mice that received additional tail vein injections of 4T1 cells after initial photothermal treatment, with red circles highlighting the visibly identifiable grayish metastatic tumor tissue. (G) Representative images of lung tissue sections stained with H&E to evaluate metastatic burden; scale bars, 100 μm. (H) Quantification of the average size of metastatic lesions in the lungs. (I) Quantification of the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs from PTT and PTT/NRG groups. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ns p ≥ 0.05. Data are represented as mean ± SD, and all experiments were conducted with n = 5 animals per group.

Article Snippet: CD31 Polyclonal antibody , Proteintech , 28083-1-AP; RRID: AB_2881055.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining